Pensamiento computacional desconectado

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¿Qué es el pensamiento computacional desconectado?

El pensamiento computacional desconectado o también conocido como desenchufado, en inglés, Computational thinking unplugged, alude a un cúmulo de actividades creado con el fin de  fomentar habilidades en los niños que permitan ser retenidas  para después beneficiar el pensamiento computacional. 


Estas actividades fueron estructuradas y diseñadas para incluirse en las primeras fases del desarrollo cognitivo, dentro de la educación infantil, y primera etapa de la educación primaria. Por ejemplo, los juegos con los padres y amigos, así como la mayoría de las recreaciones son algunas de las ideas que se ajustan a este concepto de pensamiento computacional desconectado. 


Sin embargo, las destrezas adquiridas a través de estos juegos son pensadas para que se repasen en otras épocas y niveles educativos como educación secundaria, formación técnica, e incluso en etapas tardías como  educación universitaria y profesional.

¿Por qué desconectado?

Las actividades que se suelen hacer para favorecer el pensamiento computacional desconectado se ponen en práctica sin computadores, sin celulares, ni ningún dispositivo tecnológico que requiera de algún manejo electrónico. De allí que reciba el calificativo de “desconectado” Por lo tanto, todas aquellas acciones que impliquen el uso de cartulinas, cartones, papel, fichas, juegos de patio, juegos de sala de clase o juguetes mecánicos, son los idóneos para implementar este método. 

Actividades desconectadas

Según Alejandro Iglesias y Fernando Bordignon en su trabajo; Colección de actividades desconectadas para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional en el nivel primario, es importante  tener en cuenta que las actividades desenchufadas últimamente han sido muy valoradas con el fin de promover el pensamiento computacional y este hecho se debe al proyecto de “Computer Science Unplugged” creado por la Universidad de Canterbury en Nueva Zelanda. 


Este proyecto consta de una relevante cantidad de problemas que están catalogados por edad y nivel de dificultad, donde el objetivo es desarrollar ejercicios de  computación  en los niños y jóvenes. A esta iniciativa se han unido empresas como Microsoft  y Google.


El éxito de este proyecto ha sido tan grande que se ha traducido a más de 20 idiomas  y se ha implementado en más de 50 países, esto según opinión de Bell, Vahrenhold y Fellow, 2008, citado por Iglesias Alejandro y Bordignon.

Sabemos que las actividades desconectadas cumplen con ciertas características para que sean denominadas como tal. 

Características de las actividades del pensamiento desconectado:

1. No usan computadoras. 
 2. Tienden siempre hacia lo lúdico.
3.  Muestran retos al estudiante para que examine distintos aspectos.
4.  Por lo general añaden actividades de trabajo corporal o manual.
5.  Apelan por una perspectiva constructivista.
6.  El trabajo es muy sencillo de exponer a los estudiantes.
7.  Habitualmente están guiadas por elementos  imaginativos o de fantasía que le brindan coherencia y permiten  desarrollar diferentes alegorías que conectan con el universo de los niños y  los jóvenes.

Por su esencia estas actividades otorgan una serie de beneficios en pro de las aproximaciones tradicionales que giran en torno a la enseñanza de  solución de problemas, puesto que, permiten prestar atención a los problemas y las nociones a trabajar y no en la técnica relacionada para solucionarlos. Y esto se debe a que no hay aprietos tecnológicos vinculados, ni problemas provenientes de las interfaces. 


Por otro lado, las actividades desconectadas ayudan a trabajar conceptos de computación con un mínimo nivel de abstracción, pues, suele representarse por medio de metáforas y objetos palpables.  Y por último no se necesita de una infraestructura técnica específica para que se concrete un resultado,  y en consecuencia tienen  un precio bastante bajo, lo cual  permite que se apliquen en casi cualquier institución.

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