Construir objeto de aprendizaje

En los últimos años, se ha generado una gran demanda de materiales y recursos digitales con el propósito de ofrecer a los estudiantes, espacios de aprendizajes y es por eso que aprender a construir objeto de aprendizaje está incrementando cada día en las escuelas y en los docentes a nivel mundial.

Los objetos de aprendizajes permiten que los docentes puedan desarrollar temas de forma detallada, agregar recursos y materiales del contenido que están trabajando para que los estudiantes puedan acceder con un solo clic con cualquier dispositivo electronico con o sin acceso a internet.

Pero, ¿Qué es un objeto de aprendizaje?

Un objeto de aprendizaje, se puede definir como un conjunto de recursos y materiales digitales, con fines educativos y que integra varios elementos tales como: contenidos, actividades de aprendizaje, componentes evaluativos y recursos multimedia para que los estudiantes puedan desde su dispositivo desarrollar cierta habilidades sobre un tema especifico sin la necesidad de estar acompañado del docente.

Tal como se indica en APROA: Un objeto de aprendizaje, OA, es una composición digital basada en un objetivo de enseñanza que necesariamente debe poseer un contenido, una aplicación, una evaluación, algunos vínculos de profundización del contenido y un metadato.

¿Cuáles son las características principales de los objetos de aprendizaje?

El objetivo principal de un objeto de aprendizaje es ofrecer a los estudiantes la posibilidad de adquirir habilidades y conocimientos haciendo uso de los recursos propuestos y es por eso, que un objeto de aprendizaje debe cumplir con los siguientes elementos para convertirse en un recurso digital adecuado.

Resumido: El primer elemento que se propones es crear objeto de aprendizaje que sean breve y  especifico para que los estudiantes aprovechen al máximo el espacio, esto incluye sintetizar lo más posible todos los recursos, tales como textos, imágenes, sonidos, vídeos, animaciones y demás.

  • Secuencial: Otro elemento que se propone es tener una secuencia en cada nodo o página del objeto de aprendizaje, esto importante tomar en cuenta que si se integran links a otros espacios, los mismos correspondan con el tema del nodo.
  • Reutilizable: Un tercer elemento es poder compartir el recurso o objeto de aprendizaje creado para que otros docentes puedan reutilizarlo.
  • Interoperable: La idea es que se pueda utilizar en diferentes plataforma, resaltando que se puede exportar como un archivo SCORM.

¿Qué es ExeLearning?

ExeLearning es una herramienta que  facilita la creación de  materiales educativos digitales e interactivos de forma fácil, permite incluir todo tipo de contenidos, tales como (textos, imágenes, vídeos, recursos creados con otras aplicaciones, enlaces, entre otros).Ofreciendo la oportunidad la construcción de objeto de aprendizaje(OA).

Exelearning es una herramienta de autor como Ardora, Hotpotatoes, Jclic, Constructor, entre otras. 

Es totalmente gratuita, de código abierto y multiplataforma, además, es muy útil para crear recursos educativos abiertos (RAE).

Permite escribir texto y copiarlo desde otras aplicaciones, incluir imágenes, sonidos, pero deben estar grabados previamente con otra aplicación.

Además, Permite incluir vídeos y animaciones.

Permite incluir actividades sencillas: preguntas de tipo test, cuestionario de verdadero y falso, rellenar huecos, entre otros.

Permite embeber elementos multimedia como vídeos, presentaciones, textos o audios.

También, Permite incluir actividades realizadas con otras aplicaciones, como ardora, hotpotatoes, entre otras.

Qué se necesita previo a sentarse frente al computador a trabajar con Exelearning.

Cuando se piensa en construir un objeto de aprendizaje, lo primero que se elige es el contenido que se quiere ofrecer a los participantes, sin embargo, hay algunos elementos que se debe tomar en cuenta para la creación del OA y es por eso, que a continuación se detallan algunas sugerencias que se pueden realizar previo a sentarse frente al computador a trabajar con Exelearning.

Paso 1: Crear un directorio o carpeta raíz con el nombre del OA y otras carpetas dentro de esa con los siguientes nombres: Imágenes, vídeos o audios.

En la carpeta raíz se debe incluir un documento con todo el contenido a trabajar, que incluya: la planificación del contenido.

En este ejemplo, se han creado las carpetas en el computador de forma local, sin embargo, se puede hacer lo mismo en Google Drive.

En la carpeta con el nombre de imágenes se incluyen las imágenes que se utilizarán y estas deben cumplir con el derecho de autor. Más adelante se indica cómo hacerlo y en la otra carpeta se guardan los vídeos e audios.

Paso 2: Seleccionar el contenido que se abordará en el objeto de aprendizaje desde el diseño curricular(Planificación).

Paso 3: Descargar imágenes y vídeos. En esta guía se recomienda un sitio web que permite descargar las imágenes y vídeos sin tener que preocuparse por derecho autor: https://pixabay.com/.

Paso 4: Crear un documento con la estructura que tendrá el objeto de aprendizaje y que incluya los textos, las imágenes, links hacia vídeos, webs, entre otros que tendrá el menú o nodos de páginas en Exelearning, similar al compartido más arriba como estructura de páginas. (Incluir en la carpeta raíz). Más adelante se muestra un guión con todo el contenido.

Esta guía está diseñada para servir de apoyo al curso: Construyendo un objeto de aprendizaje con Exelearning.

Esta guía  explica qué es Exelearning, su uso, como descargarlo, conocer su entorno, e incluye una práctica que consiste en crear un objeto de aprendizaje que integre actividades interactivas para aprender a usar la herramienta. 

Al culminar se pretende que el participante pueda crear un objeto de aprendizaje sobre un tema de su área laboral y para este ejemplo práctico se utilizará un contenido del área de Matemáticas.

Estructura de páginas del objeto de aprendizaje:

Portada del módulo: 

Introducción al tema:

Aspectos curriculares

Competencias fundamentales:

Competencias específicas:

Contenidos:

Indicadores de logro:

Temática

Saberes previos: Actividad 1: Evaluación diagnóstica

Actividad 2: Lectura de texto

Actividad 3: Recurso en vídeo

Actividad 5: Práctica

Actividad 6: Evaluación formativa 

Evaluación: Sumativa

Créditos:

Previo al primer paso para construir el OA y sentarse a trabajar en Exelearning, se recomienda observar el siguiente guión o estructura, que incluye los textos, imágenes, videos y links a ser utilizado y la forma de cómo organizarlos. Al finalizar el ejemplo se empieza a trabajar con Exelearning. 

Ejemplo de guión o estructura para crear objeto de aprendizaje:

Una vez se tenga esa organización, es hora de empezar a trabajar con la herramienta Exelearning.

¡Por fin! Ya se puede sentar frente al computador a trabajar con Exelearning. 

Paso 1: Cómo descargar Exelearning.

Visitando el siguiente link: https://exelearning.net/es/ se puede acceder al sitio web de Exelearning para descargarlo. En esta guía se recomienda descargar la versión portable de Exelearning.

A continuación se ofrece un recurso en vídeo que contiene los pasos a realizar para descargar Exelearning al computador:

 

Paso 2: Conocer la interfaz

Una vez se tenga Exelearning descargado, es hora de conocer la interfaz y para eso se comparte un recurso en vídeo que explica paso a paso la interfaz: 

 

Paso 3: Crear la estructura de páginas

Luego de conocer la interfaz, es hora de empezar a crear la estructura de páginas que tendrá el objeto de aprendizaje. Se recomienda usar la estructura propuesta en esta guía. 

 

Paso 4: Como insertar textos, imágenes y tablas

A continuación se conocerá cómo insertar textos, imágenes y tablas. Es recomendable tener un guión como el mostrado anteriormente que contenga todo el contenido y demás para solo tener que copiar y pegar en cada página en Exelearning. 

 

Paso 5: Crear un rellena huecos 

Una forma de evaluar el contenido dado es a través de actividades interactiva y en este paso se muestra como crear un rellena huecos en Exelearning:

 

Paso 6: Crea cuestionario Scorm

De igual forma, se muestra como crea cuestionario Scorm:

 

Paso 7: Guardar editable y en formato IMS o Scorm en Exelearning

Al culminar con la creación del objeto de aprendizaje en Exelearning, es hora de guardarlo y para eso se debe tomar en cuenta los diferentes formatos que permite exelearning.

 

  • Common Cartridge
  • SCORM 1.2
  • Paquete de contenido IMS (IMS CP)
  • Sitio Web
  • Página html única
  • Fichero de texto plano
  • XLIFF

SCORM (del inglés Sharable Content Object Reference Model) es una especificación que permite crear objetos pedagógicos estructurados. Los sistemas de gestión de contenidos en web originales usaban formatos propietarios para los contenidos que distribuían. 

IMS es un esqueleto de especificaciones que ayuda a definir variados estándares técnicos, incluyendo materiales de e-learning.

Paso 8: Crear correo electrónico de Gmail

En esta se recomienda crear un nuevo correo electrónico para hacer uso de la siguiente herramienta y poder publicar el objeto de aprendizaje en la web.

 

Paso 9: Publicarlo en la web. 

Una vez se tenga el archivo guardado como Scorm, Ims, o carpeta contenida se procede a publicar en la web para poder compartirlo con los estudiantes o las personas que queremos que observe el objeto de aprendizaje.

Los pasos necesarios se explican el siguiente recurso en vídeo:

 

 

 

2 Responses
  1. People with decrease back issues, a scarcity of shoulder mobility or weak gripping power will battle to get probably the most from
    this exercise. Luckily, there are some effective bent over row different workouts that overcome these limitations.
    Lawnmower rows are so-called as a end result of, if you do them, it appears like you may
    be pulling on the starter deal with of a gas-powered lawnmower.
    Utilizing a low cable machine, this exercise exercises your higher again and biceps,
    as well as your core, especially your obliques. Biceps
    brachii – bent over rows give your biceps an excellent exercise alongside your back muscle tissue.

    This train isolates the back muscular tissues and
    helps enhance overall again improvement. The body row is a bent-over
    row alternative focusing on the upper again and biceps for novice bodybuilders and at-home lifters.
    Unlike an inverted row, which requires a barbell and a Smith machine, you can perform a body row without any gym
    gear. The commonest mistake when performing a
    bent-over row is going too heavy. This error  leads to a breakdown in your form, increased injury
    danger, and a higher likelihood of using momentum to carry the burden.
    If all you concentrate on is getting the load from point A to level B, you won’t be targeted on really coaching the back
    muscles.One Other common mistake is pulling with your biceps as opposed to your again. If you don’t engage your shoulder blades earlier than pulling the
    bar in path of your abdomen, then you’ll rely on your
    biceps to raise the barbell, which isn’t best. In addition to focusing on the back, suspension coach rows additionally improve shoulder stability, mobility, and power.
    They are simpler on your wrists because they allow for extra free motion at the joint.
    Alternatively, bent-over barbell rows can be performed with a Swiss Bar.
    As A End Result Of of the neutral grips, Swiss Bars recruit muscle tissue in one other way than a straight bar.

    He launched Steven Fitspot in 2024 to share his love of well being and wellness with others.

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    Plus, only a simple change of equipment can add some much-needed variety to a workout program.
    There are two frequent mistakes that I see all the time
    when it comes to TRX Rows (basically the same as Inverted Row).
    One, athletes I coach love to both pull their face to the bar
    or even elevate their chin up and over the bar like a
    pull-up. There are two frequent errors that I see all
    the time in terms of Inverted Row.
    Secondarily, the bent-over row engages the biceps, forearms, erectors, glutes, core, and hamstrings.
    The bent-over row is an exceptional free-weight
    train that works numerous muscle tissue, most notably the center and
    decrease again muscle tissue. It requires very minimal gear and is very conducive to progressive overload.

    In the video under, Mind Pump’s head trainer demonstrates the way to do T-bar rows the right means.
    This ought to engage the muscle tissue of
    the again whereas concurrently bending the elbows parallel to
    the ribs, the bands forming a straight line from anchor level
    to the chest or shoulders.
    Hands down my favorite t-bar row alternative is the chest
    supported row as a end result of it saves your erectors and core stabilizers from extra exertion. This lets you goal your back muscle tissue to a greater extent, identical to a t-bar row.
    If you don’t have entry to a landmine machine with a T-bar attachment,
    you’ll find a way to still have an excellent again workout.
    Many workout routines utilizing a regular barbell, dumbbells,
    cable machine, or even your body weight may give your posterior chain sufficient
    stimulus to develop related dimension and strength features.
    The cable row actually is a basic exercise for total again development.

    A seated cable row prompts the lats more than other movements just like the upright row.
    However, because it’s a machine, you could find yourself
    unable to do that exercise or just plain tired of it. That’s ok because there are heaps of lat pulldown different workout routines
    you have to use to coach the same muscles. A good primer for pull-ups
    – a lot of workouts call for pull-ups and chin-ups, that are
    two of the best body weight lat workouts you are in a position to do.

    However, as these exercises involve lifting your whole
    body utilizing just your arms, they are often onerous to be taught and master.
    Lat pulldowns work the same muscle tissue, so they’re
    a helpful steppingstone towards doing pull-ups and chin-ups.
    Whereas broad grip bent over rows are a superb train, they may also be onerous in your lower again.
    If you’re seeking to add selection to your back exercise
    routine or if the bent-over row is causing discomfort or strain in your decrease again, contemplate
    incorporating incline dumbbell rows. This train offers an effective various that targets the higher again muscular tissues, promotes total back
    improvement, and reduces the chance of injury.

    Remember to always begin with a correct warm-up and seek the
    advice of with a fitness professional if you have any concerns or questions.
    Maximize your exercise routine with chest-supported dumbbell rows, a dynamic exercise
    that efficiently targets your again muscular tissues.
    If that is the case you can start with a number of the different options on this listing
    to strengthen your muscles. It is true that you
    just need one thing to do the pull-up on however
    even if you presently don’t have something like this,
    a doorway pull-up bar is relatively inexpensive. For a lat-centric
    showdown, grab the impartial grip handles (yeah, those the place your palms
    face every other) and keep these elbows snug to your torso as you row.
    This train offers individuals with shoulder points with
    an train to profit from rows. Additionally, you can do both
    an overhand or an underhand grip to make this exercise goal the
    again differently.
    Not solely does that improve your danger for
    damage, however it’s additionally not advantageous for
    hypertrophy. Having your chest supported by the bench allows you to goal the again without involving the core and
    erectors and makes it lots tougher to cheat
    the motion. If you wrestle with feeling your back working during a
    row, attempt an incline dumbbell row to see should you can create
    a greater mind-muscle connection. The single-arm dumbbell row can be carried out by standing together with your arm supported against a bench or
    dumbbell rack. The farther you pull the dumbbell again towards your
    hip, the more you’ll hit your lat.
    According to Pendlay, the exercise bearing his name is nothing
    greater than a strict barbell row, carried out with a
    inflexible torso that stays kind of parallel to the bottom.
    This makes it extra of a lat-focused train than the traditional barbell row.

    As a common rule, it’s a good idea to incorporate some type of rowing motion whenever you train your again. Depending on the coaching program you’re using, that may usually be somewhere between 1 and 3 times per week.
    The single-arm cable row enables you to get more of a stretch in your lats, in addition to
    helping to iron out any imbalances that may exist between your left
    and right side.
    He Is been the Head Coach for Staff Canada Powerlifting since 2012 and has coached over
    4500 attempts in international competitors. The other place Band Rows can work well is at the finish of a
    exercise to get a good burnout set in to finish the day.
    Technically, you can use a bar for Chest Supported Rows as properly,
    but the setup is a bit more awkward and works finest when you have a partner.

    Plus, just a easy change of kit can add some much needed variety to a workout
    program. I love Chest Supported Dumbbell Rows as an exercise to develop an enormous, robust back, however generally Chest Supported Rows are simply not an option.
    Different effective alternate options include T-bar rows, Pendlay rows, inverted rows, incline dumbbell rows, suspension coach rows, Meadows rows, band rows, and lat pulldowns.
    These workouts may be carried out with completely different gear and supply unique advantages for muscle development
    and power. By incorporating these alternate options
    into your workout routine, you can add variety and reduce the danger of harm whereas
    nonetheless effectively targeting the again muscle tissue.

    Substitute bent-over rows in your exercise with free-weight workout routines
    like single-arm dumbbell rows and mendacity bench rows. To use machines to switch bent-over rows, add seated cable rows to your
    routine. For a body weight various to bent-over rows, strive inverted rows or TRX rows.

    By combining a couple of these exercises into a exercise with wide-grip pull-ups, face-pulls, and decrease again extensions.

    Do a set of face pulls between each set of bench press to alleviate shoulder pain and develop the front
    and back of your higher body equally. This
    is dependent upon your targets, but 20 minutes of labor on the
    rowing machine would burn plenty of energy, though
    this also is determined by the resistance you set on it and the
    speed at which you row. As with any exercise, trial and error is one of the simplest ways of figuring out
    what’s greatest for you. Kettlebell swings work several muscle groups,
    together with your quads, glutes, and core. They can be used as a
    fantastic cardio exercise, just like the rowing machine.

    As a private coach, I’ve skilled dozens of people of their home gyms.
    Pairing one arm dumbbell row alternatives with vertical pull actions, corresponding
    to pulldowns or pull-ups will make for an effective again exercise.
    Many powerlifters and cross-fitters are on the lookout for barbell row alternate options, because the barbell
    row can be powerful in your decrease back if not accomplished correctly.
    I’m going to provide you with the 9 finest barbell row various exercises that I hit whenever I really feel like altering my
    back and core workout. The pendlay row is a good t-bar row various
    for powerlifters as a result of it targets the precise opposite muscles of the bench press, which permits
    for higher stability when performing heavy presses.

    Some lifters experience decrease back pain when doing traditional bent-over rows.

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    She was born in Colorado, raised in northern Michigan, and presently resides in Pennsylvania.
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    being and health targets by way of schooling, motivation, and inspiration. Since your torso just isn’t supported by something, you should have interaction your
    core, erectors, hamstrings, and glutes to stabilize your body.
    You’re also extra upright, which can take some stress off of
    your lower back.
    Rear Delt row is a really effective and useful exercise for building muscle and energy within the rear deltoids and
    upper back. The barbell row is a free weight exercise that works all the back muscular tissues
    equally, this makes it a great alternative to the t-bar row.
    The purpose why this is such a great t-bar row different is that you can modify the
    difficulty by altering your body position relative to the handles.
    The closer you are to the floor, the more challenging
    this exercise turns into. Secondary to the muscles of the back, this motion will
    target the biceps as nicely.
    If coupled with a wholesome consuming plan and a steady cardio regime,
    the bent-over row is a superb train, and I would recommend implementing it into your coaching now.
    If you perform a bent-over row and your lower back or core provides out before your upper and center back, doing a chest-supported
    row may be better. Lastly, when you don’t have entry to a barbell,
    a barbell row would not be potential. We counsel performing this exercise close to the beginning of a back or upper physique exercise.
    If you don’t have entry to a lat pulldown, you might also
    do pull-ups as an alternative.
    If you’re lucky sufficient to have entry to a T-Bar
    Row machine this is ready to be certainly one of my first suggestions to replace a Chest Supported Dumbbell Row.
    If you want to crush PRs, add slabs of muscle, or lose
    weight, KIZEN has the right program for you. Evaluating every variable primarily based on particular person needs/preferences is vital
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    Fitness Center machines often try to simulate some real-life exercise and
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    Although it would look like there’s a lot to retain, these steps will become instinctive
    with constant apply. As Quickly As you become more proficient at again extensions, you possibly can perform them whereas holding a weight plate to
    your chest. This will increase the problem and allow you
    to build further decrease back strength. As Quickly As you wrap up your back
    extensions, you’ve accomplished your again workout routine.

    Performing bent over rows with the proper type additionally requires
    engagement out of your core muscle tissue and the muscles in your upper legs, together
    with the quads and hamstrings. Nonetheless, these muscle tissue are principally used as stabilizers during bent over rows.
    The lower lats can usually lack power and mass due to angles solely hitting the upper lats or poor range
    of movement.
    Seated cable row is among the many hottest cable-based rowing
    train that strengthens horizontal pulls. Furthermore,
    it additionally provides a spread of gripping variations to convey selection to the training.
    The single-arm dumbbell row is a unilateral exercise that helps you individually
    prepare the straightforward facet.
    They start rocking and rolling their whole body to try
    to get their chest up to the bar. Preserve a inflexible body
    posture and continue pulling your self as excessive as you’ll
    be able to every rep. No, the bent-over barbell row can put stress
    on the lower back and is most likely not appropriate for everyone.

    Single-arm dumbbell rows are a wonderful different to the bent-over
    row, allowing you to focus on each side of your back individually and enhance power and type.
    This train is ideal for these looking to change up their routine or avoid the strain that may include conventional barbell rows.
    By isolating both sides of your again, you possibly can concentrate on growing balanced strength and symmetry.

    Not only do single-arm dumbbell rows target your back muscular tissues effectively, however additionally they engage your core and stabilizing muscles all through the train. To reap the
    total benefits of this exercise, remember to preserve correct kind and focus on squeezing your back muscular tissues at the top of each
    rep. The eight seated cable row alternative workout routines have supplied you with lots of choices to get the identical advantages
    of the seated cable row in your house health club with nothing however barbells,
    dumbbells and bands.

    References:

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