Las ODS, revolución industrial 4.0 y educación 4.0

Los ODS significa: Objetivos para el  Desarrollo Sostenible, y es un proyecto que forma parte de la agenda de acción de las Naciones Unidas pautada para el año 2030.  


La Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha centrado todos sus esfuerzos para lograr que los países miembros pongan toda su atención en los cambios que son necesarios implementar para el buen desarrollo de cada nación. 


Para este fin la ONU ha creado en  la agenda de 2030, 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, donde el objetivo 4 está dirigido a la educación. Entonces propone avalar una educación equitativa, inclusiva, de calidad, además de propiciar oportunidades de aprendizaje durante toda la vida para todos. El Marco de Acción de Educación 2030 promete orientar la aplicación de este afanoso objetivo y sus implicaciones.


Esta agenda mundial para el desarrollo sostenible 2030 exhibe claramente un enfoque en la relevancia de una respuesta pedagógica adecuada. Como señalamos anteriormente la educación está expresamente prescrita como un objetivo autónomo en el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 4. 


Sin embargo, hay propuestas e indicadores que también se corresponden  con la educación  en otros ODS. La educación de calidad es una meta en sí misma y al mismo tiempo un medio para  alcanzar  los demás ODS, porque hay que tener en cuenta que la educación es parte fundamental para el desarrollo sostenible y un garante clave del mismo. 


Esta es la razón por la cual,  la educación forma parte de una estrategia clave para la obtención de los ODS. 
En pocas palabras podemos decir que aun cuando en las ODS existe un apartado para la educación, sin esta última sería difícil alcanzar los Objetivos restantes. ¿Por qué? Pues la educación es la única herramienta que nos permite avanzar en cualquier terreno que nos metamos. 

Las ODS y la revolución industrial 4.0

La industria 4.0 puede ser una herramienta valiosa que  acelere el cumplimiento de las ODS, al menos eso fue lo que se dijo en la cumbre organizada en mayo del año en curso por el Periódico de Aragón. Ciertamente en algunos aspectos tiene mucho sentido creer esto, por ejemplo, la tecnología ha permitido, en estos tiempos de pandemia y aislamiento social, que se crearan las consultas médicas online, o que se impartieran clases virtuales.


Pero la pregunta que debemos hacernos es si realmente la industria 4.0 ayuda a que se cumplan los 17 ODS, la respuesta contundente es no. Si tenemos en cuenta que el primer objetivo de las ODS es eliminar la pobreza, implementando la industria 4.0 los pobres, que escasamente tienen para comer y no tienen acceso a la tecnología, pues serían todavía más pobres. Y esto, en vez de repercutir positivamente en el objetivo 10 que busca reducir las desigualdades, las incrementaría considerablemente.  

En África son pocos los niños que han visto un celular o un computador, tal vez lo conocen gracias a turistas extranjeros que llegan a este continente porque sienten  interés en conocer estos países. 
Pero esta no es solo la realidad de este continente, en Latinoamérica hay pueblos que ni siquiera tienen conexión a internet, otros incluso no cuentan con sistema eléctrico. Pero la verdad es que para que se consuman a cabalidad todas las ODS debe cumplirse el primer objetivo, que no por nada ocupa la posición número 1. Erradicar la pobreza.


Por otro lado, el objetivo 3 que se centra en la salud y el bienestar, queda entredicho, porque si nos volvemos cada vez más sedentarios debido a que estaremos mucho tiempo frente a una pantalla, difícilmente estaremos más sanos y dotados de bienestar. Existen ciertas contradicciones cuando se afirma que la industria 4.0 puede acelerar los ODS. 
Evidentemente para los países de primer mundo cumplir los ODS es algo posible en el lapso que está establecido, pero para el resto del mundo las cosas no resultan tan sencillas, y no porque no tengamos los recursos, que en la mayoría de los países de tercer mundo son más abundantes, sino porque los problemas de corrupción, aunado a las malas gestiones gubernamentales  y nuestra codificación cultural nos impide avanzar.  


De esta forma pudiéramos seguir analizando uno a uno los ODS y llegar a contradicciones que creemos que en vez de alentarnos nos desanimarían. 

Las ODS, la industria 4.0 y la educación 4.0

Ciertamente la educación es fundamental para el desarrollo de cualquier nación, y en el caso de las ODS está claro que es un objetivo clave para que se cumplan todos los demás. Sin embargo, estamos ante una fila de dominó donde al moverse una pieza caen todas las demás. 


La industria 4.0 puede ser una herramienta positiva para el avance, solo si sabemos hacer uso correcto de ella, porque además debemos recordar que su principal característica es que repercute directamente en el modo en que vivimos nuestro día a día. 


Por otra parte, habría que alcanzar la erradicación de la pobreza  a altos niveles para que todos podamos crecer al mismo ritmo y no sea la desigualdad quien determine hacia donde nos encaminamos.   


Buscar un modelo educativo que se ajuste a las nuevas demandas es una premura que tenemos que atender de inmediato. Las reformulaciones en la manera en que adquirimos el conocimiento  ya empezaron a mostrarse durante la pandemia.


De modo que las clases virtuales y flexibles serán el nuevo orden que imperará en este modelo naciente, y el teletrabajo es una forma de estar más cerca de nuestra familia, pero nuevamente la clave para triunfar está en aprender a desconectarnos, y esta deber ser una de las premisas más importante a considerar si se quiere cumplir con el resto de las ODS.


Pues debemos tener en cuenta que estar frente a una pantalla la mayor parte del tiempo no ayudará en nada a cumplir el objetivo 3 que habla de salud y bienestar o a crear ciudades responsables y comunidades sostenibles, objetivo 11; tampoco podríamos involucrarnos en la producción y consumo responsable, objetivo 12,  y finalmente solo con el cumplimiento de estos objetivos mencionados podemos llegar al punto 15: preservar la vida de ecosistemas terrestres, que en definitiva significa resguardar nuestra propia vida con acciones dignas. 

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